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Generally the base which is bolted into a large concrete pad provides the essential support for a tower crane. The base is connected to a tower or a mast and stabilizes the crane that is attached to the inside of the structure of the building. Usually, this attachment point is to an elevator shaft or to a concrete lift.
The crane's mast is usually a triangulated lattice structure which measures 10 feet square or 0.9m2. Connected to the very top of the mast is the slewing unit. The slewing unit consists of a gear and a motor that allows the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet, while the tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is 16,642 kg or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety pounds with counter weights of twenty tons. Furthermore, two limit switches are used in order to make sure that the driver does not overload the crane. There is even another safety feature called a load moment switch to ensure that the driver does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Lastly, the maximum reach of a tower crane is two hundred thirty feet or seventy meters.
Because of their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure will first have to be brought to the construction site by utilizing a large tractor-trailer rig setup. After that, a mobile crane is utilized so as to assemble the machine part of the crane and the jib. Afterwards, these sections are connected to the mast. Afterward, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts can be a few of the other industrial equipment which is usually utilized to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane when the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane is able to match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is referred to as a climbing frame or a top climber that fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an extra twenty feet or 6.1m. After that, the crane operator uses the crane to insert and bolt into position another mast section piece.
Using a Regular Counterbalance Forklift
1 Before utilizing the machine, perform a pre-shift check. Occupational Safety and Health Administration guidelines do state that pre-shift checklists need to be performed each day or each shift. Every different machine together with its attachments has its own checklist listing steering, brakes, emergency brakes, lights, controls, horn and safety features.
2 Start up the equipment and check controls. First ensure your seatbelt is fastened and the seat is securely in place and adjusted for your comfort. Look beneath the machine after you move it for any indications of leaks. The operation of each kind of forklift is different.
3 Don't forget differences in the basics of forklift operation compared to a standard vehicle. The forklift's rear end swing occurs because of the fact that the truck steers using its rear wheels. Forgetting this detail is a major cause of injuries and accidents to workers. The almost ninety-degree turn from the front wheels should be done with utmost caution. These top-heavy machines have a high center of gravity even without a load. When lifting or transporting a load this top-heaviness is exacerbated.
4 Keep forks near the ground when traveling. Utilize care when approaching loads. Be sure the forks line up properly with the pallet. Lift the load just as high as is needed, tilting it back to help stabilize the machinery. Only drive backwards if the load is so bulky that it interferes with driver vision.
5 Prior to loading and unloading, check the wheels on trucks/trailers. When carrying a load, it is not advised to travel on inclines. The equipment is susceptible to tip-overs on an incline. When driving on an incline is necessary, always drive up the incline and back down. The load should be kept on the uphill side of the truck.
6 The driver should be firmly in control at all times. The primary reason for operator injuries is tip-over. The operator should never try to jump out of the truck in case of a tip-over. The safest approach is to lean away from the direction of fall while gripping the steering wheel and bracing your feet.
